FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH SPONTANEOUS ABORTION IN WOMEN ADMITTED AT JARAMOGI OGINGA ODINGA TEACHING AND REFERRAL HOSPITAL

Abstract

ABSTRACT Spontaneous abortion, commonly referred to as miscarriage, is a significant public health concern, particularly in low-resource settings such as Kenya, where it contributes to high maternal mortality and morbidity. This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with spontaneous abortion among women admitted to Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Teaching and Referral Hospital (JOOTRH) in Kisumu County, Kenya. The research employed a descriptive cross-sectional design, targeting women admitted to the gynecological ward between June 10th and November 10th, 2023, with a confirmed diagnosis of spontaneous abortion. Data were collected from a sample of 65 participants using structured questionnaires and a review of medical records. Key factors examined included maternal age, gestational age, parity, history of previous abortions, chronic illnesses, infections, exposure to harmful substances (e.g., smoking, alcohol, and radiation), and clinical conditions. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were conducted to identify relationships between these factors and spontaneous abortion. The findings revealed that the majority of spontaneous abortions occurred in women aged 26-30 years (23.1%) and at or before 12 weeks of gestation (63.1%). Incomplete abortion was the most prevalent type (46.2%), followed by inevitable abortion (27.7%). Parity played a significant role, with women who had given birth once (33.8%) or not at all (29.2%) exhibiting a higher risk of miscarriage. Chronic illnesses such as diabetes (10.8%) and hypertension (9.2%) were prominent risk factors. Lifestyle factors like smoking (15.4%) and alcohol use (18.5%) also significantly contributed to the incidence of spontaneous abortion. The study concluded that maternal age, gestational age, chronic illnesses, and lifestyle factors are significant contributors to spontaneous abortion at JOOTRH. These findings highlight the need for targeted public health interventions, including early antenatal care, management of chronic conditions, and education on lifestyle risks during pregnancy. Further research is recommended to explore additional factors contributing to spontaneous abortion across different regions and healthcare settings in Kenya. This study contributes to the understanding of spontaneous abortion and provides valuable insights for improving maternal health outcomes, reducing complications, and developing preventive strategies within similar healthcare environments.