SOCIO-CULTURAL DIMENSIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF TEENAGE PREGNANCY IN JARAMOGI OGINGA ODINGA TEACHING AND REFERRAL HOSPITAL (JOOTRH), KISUMU COUNTY

Abstract

Teenage pregnancy remains a significant issue globally, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where adolescents aged 15-19 account for 21 million pregnancies annually, with nearly half being unintended (WHO 2019). In Kenya, the 2022 Demographic and Health Survey reports that 3% of women aged 15-19 are currently pregnant, and 12% have already given birth. Kisumu County, in particular, has seen a surge in teenage pregnancies, rising from 22% to 42%, creating a serious public health and educational crisis. Despite previous research on the issue, little has focused on the sociocultural factors driving this trend. This study aimed to assess how social and cultural factors contribute to teenage pregnancy in Kisumu County, focusing on pregnant adolescents attending Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Teaching and Referral Hospital (JOOTRH). Using a descriptive research design and a sample of 97 participants, data was gathered on individual characteristics, family dynamics, societal influences, and cultural norms. The findings show that peer pressure (30.9%) is the leading cause of teenage pregnancies, followed by limited access to or stigma around contraceptive use (27.8%), early sexual debut (24.7%), and socioeconomic challenges like poverty (17.5%). Cultural norms such as early marriage (23%) and gender inequality (20%) further exacerbate the issue. Drug and alcohol use, sexual abuse, and family conflicts also play significant roles, with poor parental supervision (27.8%) contributing to risky behaviors among adolescents. The study concluded that addressing teenage pregnancy in Kisumu County requires a comprehensive approach, including sexual education, parental involvement, economic support, and legal reforms. Recommendations include implementing culturally sensitive sexual education programs to empower adolescents with knowledge on contraception, consent, and healthy relationships. Addressing teenage pregnancy in Kisumu County requires a holistic approach, including comprehensive sexual education, parental engagement, economic support, and cultural sensitization. Legal reforms to protect against early marriage and sexual violence, along with improved access to health services, are also essential. Implementing culturally sensitive education programs can equip adolescents with the knowledge and tools to make informed decisions about contraception, consent, and healthy relationships.